Cleanroom Apparel: Critical Components for Optimal Safety
It has been estimated that 80% of the contaminants found in a typical cleanroom originate from people.1 Given the inherently non-sterile nature of human beings, this is hardly surprising.
The human scalp, for instance, contains about one million microorganisms per square centimetre.2 And these organisms can spread around with alarming ease—in fact, people routinely introduce contaminants into their immediate environment just by talking or moving around. The more physically active they are, the more pollutants they shed.
But cleanroom managers are not just handling threats to sensitive materials caused by humans; they must also deal with hazards that can endanger the health of their personnel.
All of this is certainly a lot to contend with, but fortunately, cleanroom operators have access to appropriate and effective attire and accessories to help them maintain a safe and secure workplace environment.
This specialised cleanroom apparel has a dual function—it enables personnel to shield themselves against hazardous laboratory phenomena and prevent contaminants from harming valuable products.
Essential elements of cleanroom apparel
Cleanroom apparel consists of various pieces that, when donned correctly, form a "suit" that covers most, or all, of the wearer's body. A standard suit will generally consist of the following components:
1.) Cleanroom Coveralls
Cleanroom coveralls, also known as cleanroom suits or garments, are the foundation of cleanroom attire. These one-piece suits are typically made from low-linting materials such as polyester or microfiber and are designed to minimize the release of particles into the environment. They provide full body coverage and are available in different styles, including hooded and non-hooded options. The coveralls act as a barrier against external contaminants, preventing human-generated particles from entering the cleanroom and protecting the wearer from potential hazards.
2.) Gloves
Gloves are an essential component of cleanroom attire, as hands are a primary source of contamination. Cleanroom gloves are typically made from materials like nitrile or latex, chosen for their low particle generation and chemical resistance properties. These gloves create a barrier between the wearer's hands and the products or equipment being handled, preventing any potential contamination. It is important to choose gloves of the correct size and ensure they are free of powders that could shed particles.
3.) Shoe Covers
Shoe covers, also known as booties or overshoes, are worn over regular footwear to prevent outside particles from being tracked into the cleanroom. They are typically made of non-woven or polyethylene materials that minimize particle generation. Cleanroom shoe covers are designed to be slip-resistant and have elastic bands or straps to secure them in place. Regular cleaning and replacement of shoe covers are necessary to maintain their effectiveness.
4.) Head Covers
To minimize the release of particles from the hair and scalp, cleanroom workers wear head covers, such as bouffant caps or hoods. These covers prevent hairs or dandruff from contaminating the products or sensitive equipment in the cleanroom. They are usually made from lightweight, low-linting materials and are designed to fit snugly without causing discomfort. Workers with facial hair may also be required to wear beard covers to prevent contamination.
5.) Face Masks
Face masks, also known as cleanroom masks or hoods, are used to protect the respiratory system and prevent the release of particles from the mouth and nose. Cleanroom masks are typically made from non-woven materials and have multiple layers to provide effective filtration. They should fit securely and cover both the mouth and nose to ensure optimal protection. Masks with exhalation valves should be avoided in cleanroom environments as they can release unfiltered air.
6.) Eyewear
Eyewear, such as safety glasses or goggles, is necessary to protect the eyes from potential hazards in the cleanroom. They shield the eyes from airborne particles, chemical splashes, or any other substances that may cause harm. Cleanroom eyewear should be made of non-shedding materials and have anti-fog properties to maintain clear vision. It is important to regularly clean and inspect eyewear to ensure its effectiveness.
It's common knowledge that all cleanroom clothing isn’t created equal or equally "suited" for all labs. You need apparel that is capable of neutralising the full spectrum of potential issues that can arise in your unique facility. For instance, the requirements of Class 1 (ISO 3) cleanroom are substantially stricter than those of Class 1,000 (ISO 6) lab.
Maintaining a cleanroom environment requires strict adherence to proper attire and personal protective equipment. By implementing and following the guidelines for cleanroom attire, industries can safeguard their products, processes, and personnel, thereby maintaining the highest quality standards in their operations.